- What are some definitions of common lighting types and styles ?
- How does a halogen bulb work?
- What is a compact fluorescent lamp?
- What are some basic lighting design strategies?
- What is important to consider in kitchen lighting design?
- What is important to consider in bathroom lighting design?
- What is important to consider when designing light for living spaces?
- What are some lighting tips for foyers, halls, and stairways?
- What are some lighting tips for living rooms?
- What are some lighting tips for dining areas?
- What is important to consider in track lighting design?
What are some basic lighting design strategies?Light plays an essential role in our ability to perceive the world around us. Lighting can affect performance, mood, morale, safety, security, and decisions. The first step in producing the right lighting design is to ask what the space is used for. The lighting designer can then determine quantity of light, color quality, brightness, and direction. Below is an overview of several ways that lighting professionals look at lighting design, from the simple to the sophisticated. Simple One way is to ensure that the lighting system 1) provides ambient illumination for orientation and general tasks in the space, 2) provides task illumination for local, more demanding tasks, and 3) provides accent illumination to highlight special objects of interest or to guide occupants. An example of this scheme is an open office plan with workstations - we might provide indirect fixtures to provide ambient illumination, task lighting at the workstations for work, and accent lighting to highlight pieces of corporate art on the walls. Standard A typical general approach to lighting design is, after determining how the space is used, to provide general, localized general, localized and task illumination to meet these needs. General lighting provides a generally uniform light level on the workplane throughout the lighted space. Localized general lighting is similar but is tailored more to the location of tasks in the lighted space. Localized lighting, also called supplemental lighting, is used to provide light to a specific area. Task lighting delivers light tailored for a specific task. Sophisticated A final way of looking at lighting design is more sophisticated, focused not only on simply providing quantity of footcandles for tasks with accent illumination for highlighting, but also on the art of using light to produce a desired effect. To better explain this more sophisticated approach to lighting design, it helps to think in terms of an object that we are wanting to light and to look at the different ways light can affect that object. Key Light When we shine a light on an object from a single point source of light it is called key light; it highlights contours on the object and creates shadows; the exact effect depends on the angle of the beam of light. Most of the time we want to light the object to we can see its front. In these cases, the light source may be best place in front of and to the side of the object at an angle of 45°. Fill Light While this scene effects drama, for our purposes we will assume we need fill light. It can either be directional or diffused. In our example we could shine a directional light on the object from the opposite direction of the key light, softening or eliminating shadows depending on the strength of the fill light relative to the strength of the key light. We could also place fill light sources behind the object to light the entire room evenly. In the Figure below, we see the keylight supplemented by a single fill light. Silhouetting Suppose we wanted to emphasize the shape of the object as a silhouette. In this event, we would soften or even eliminate the key light and directional fill light, and instead provide only fill light, either intense or diffused, depending on the clarity of the silhouette and the drama we want to produce. Uplighting Suppose we wanted to uplight the object. The effect of uplighting is either very desirable or very undesirable because it is unusual. Effects range from intimate to eerie. A lot of landscape lighting includes uplighting to accentuate bushes and trees. Sparkle and Glitter Effects To add an atmosphere of elegance, we could add little lighting points of interest in the form of sparkle or glitter. This effect can be produced by either producing sharp reflections on specular surfaces in the room (sparkle), such as silverware in a restaurant, or by making the light source itself a source of interest (glitter) such as with a chandelier. Beware of glare in such cases. Grazing and Washing Surfaces On walls or on the surface of an object, we can change the way light impacts them so that we can produce different effects. Suppose we have a brick wall with a rough texture that we want to emphasize. We could graze the surface with light, meaning the light would strike the surface at a sharp angle. In this case, the light source would be mounted close to the wall. Now suppose the wall is smoother, and we want to emphasize that smoothness. We could wash the surface with light, meaning the light would strike the surface at a wider angle. The selection of strategy or combination of strategies again will depend on how the space is used. In a retail environment, it might be desirable to provide strong keylighting to accentuate and dramatize key merchandise, while in an office such strong concentrations of accentlighting and shadowing might prove visually fatiguing. Uplighting may work well in an intimate restaurant or to highlight bottles of alcohol in a bar, but may make people look sinister in the home or office. Sparkle and glitter may work well in a restaurant, but might prove distracting in many industrial work areas. |
|
| | NEXT |
